Systems and methods for identifying service type of data usage on 5g new radio (nr) radio access technology type

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, obtaining a message associated with a 5th Generation (5G) wireless service, the message containing: a first section including a service type identifier entry and a first timestamp that corresponds to the service type identifier entry; and a second section including a secondary radio access technology (RAT) entry, one or more data volume entries, and a second timestamp that corresponds to the secondary RAT entry and to the one or more data volume entries; matching the first timestamp and the second timestamp based upon a first value of the first timestamp equaling a second value of the second timestamp; and responsive to the matching of the first timestamp and the second timestamp, associating the service type identifier entry of the first section with the one or more data volume entries of the second section. Other embodiments are disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority to and is a divisional of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/886,346, filed May 28, 2020. All sectionsof the aforementioned application are incorporated herein by referencein their entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject disclosure relates to systems and methods for identifyingservice type of data usage on 5^(th) Generation (5G) New Radio (NR)Radio Access Technology Type. In one specific example, the subjectdisclosure relates to identifying service type for 5G “Option 3X” datausage on the NR Radio Access Technology (RAT) Type.

BACKGROUND

In 5G Option 3X, all data usage is reported as having radio accesstechnology (RAT) Type=EUTRAN (LTE) regardless of whether some or all ofthe data usage was actually via 5G NR frequency spectrum. This is due tothe nature of Option 3X, in which the LTE eNodeB is the master node andthe 5G NR gNodeB is the secondary node. Such a configurationtraditionally makes it impossible to identify the serving network basedon the RAT Type parameter in a packet data network gateway (PGW) orserving gateway (SGW) charging data record (CDR). The only way currentlyavailable under 3GPP standards for identification of NR data usagevolume is Secondary RAT Usage Data Reporting. Secondary RAT Usage DataReporting (defined in 3GPP TS 23.401 Release 15) includes access type NRand usage data reporting for the Secondary RAT, in this case NR. SuchSecondary RAT Usage Data Reporting includes reporting of the combinationof NR usage as defined in 3GPP TS 37.340. The serving gateway (SGW)sends the data volume reports on to the packet data network (PDN)gateways (PGW) identified in bilateral roaming agreements and/or in thesame network (Home user case). Due to limitations in Standards andvendor implementations, this NR as Secondary RAT usage data istraditionally only useful for wholesale billing and high-level networkusage reporting. Such NR as Secondary RAT usage data is traditionallynot useful for retail billing because service ID's cannot be directlyapplied by the PGW (service ID's are used to inform billing systems whattype of data the device is using so that the data usage can bedifferentiated; as a result of not directly having a service IDavailable, there is traditionally no way to identify data which shouldbe zero-rated versus billable usage to the subscriber).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are notnecessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a communication network in accordance with various aspectsdescribed herein.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a network call flow (that can function, for example,within the communication network of FIG. 1) in accordance with variousaspects described herein.

FIG. 2B depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordancewith various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2C depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordancewith various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2D depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordancewith various aspects described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance withvarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of amobile network platform in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acommunication device in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrativeembodiments for customer billing related to wireless usage (e.g., retailcustomer billing related to usage of one or more wireless frequencies(or usage of one or more wireless frequency ranges)). Other embodimentsare described in the subject disclosure.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include mechanisms tofacilitate determination (such as by a wireless operator or carrier) ofnot only how much data was used on the New Radio (NR) RAT, but also thetype of data that was transmitted (and/or received) based on the serviceID. In one example, this distinction can be beneficial in facilitatingapplication of differentiated retail billing rates. In another example,the distinction can be beneficial in helping the wireless operator orcarrier understand not only how much data is being used on NR spectrumversus LTE but also the nature of the application(s) being used by eachsubscriber. The additional granularity provided by various embodimentscan also be used in contract terms with, for example, IPX (GSMA IPPacket Exchange) transport providers where certain types of 5G datausage are billed at a different rate than other packet data. Theadditional granularity provided by various embodiments can also bebeneficial in troubleshooting customer issues.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include receiving amessage (e.g., a charging data record (CDR)) and processing the data inthe CDR to determine for a given customer (e.g., a wireless subscriber)a service type and/or a data usage (e.g., an uplink data volume of a 5Gservice and/or a downlink data volume of a 5G service).

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include generating amessage (e.g., a charging data record (CDR)) to indicate for a givencustomer (e.g., a wireless subscriber) a service type and/or a datausage (e.g., an uplink data volume of a 5G service and/or a downlinkdata volume of a 5G service).

Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a communication network 100 inaccordance with various aspects described herein. For example,communication network 100 can facilitate in whole or in part messageprocessing (e.g., CDR processing), message post-processing (e.g., CDRpost-processing), message creation (e.g., CDR creation) and/or billingthat is related to wireless frequency usage. In particular, acommunications network 125 is presented for providing broadband access110 to a plurality of data terminals 114 via access terminal 112,wireless access 120 to a plurality of mobile devices 124 and vehicle 126via base station or access point 122, voice access 130 to a plurality oftelephony devices 134, via switching device 132 and/or media access 140to a plurality of audio/video display devices 144 via media terminal142. In addition, communication network 125 is coupled to one or morecontent sources 175 of audio, video, graphics, text and/or other media.While broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130 andmedia access 140 are shown separately, one or more of these forms ofaccess can be combined to provide multiple access services to a singleclient device (e.g., mobile devices 124 can receive media content viamedia terminal 142, data terminal 114 can be provided voice access viaswitching device 132, and so on).

The communications network 125 includes a plurality of network elements(NE) 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. for facilitating the broadband access 110,wireless access 120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or thedistribution of content from content sources 175. The communicationsnetwork 125 can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, avoice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP)network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G,or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network,UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless accessnetwork, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communicationsnetwork.

In various embodiments, the access terminal 112 can include a digitalsubscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem terminationsystem (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal.The data terminals 114 can include personal computers, laptop computers,netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digitalsubscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interfacespecification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modemsuch as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/orother access devices.

In various embodiments, the base station or access point 122 can includea 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point thatoperates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or otherwireless access terminal. The mobile devices 124 can include mobilephones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or othermobile computing devices.

In various embodiments, the switching device 132 can include a privatebranch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIPgateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. Thetelephony devices 134 can include traditional telephones (with orwithout a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephonydevices.

In various embodiments, the media terminal 142 can include a cablehead-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway or othermedia terminal 142. The display devices 144 can include televisions withor without a set top box, personal computers and/or other displaydevices.

In various embodiments, the content sources 175 include broadcasttelevision and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streamingvideo and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks,data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or othersources of media.

In various embodiments, the communications network 125 can includewired, optical and/or wireless links and the network elements 150, 152,154, 156, etc. can include service switching points, signal transferpoints, service control points, network gateways, media distributionhubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and othernetwork nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic overwired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and otherpublic networks as well as one or more private networks, for managingsubscriber access, for billing and network management and for supportingother network functions.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, this is a block diagram illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a network call flow 200 (that canfunction, for example, within the communication network of FIG. 1) inaccordance with various aspects described herein. As seen, the networkcall flow 200 can involve eNodeB 202, mobility management entity (MME)204, serving gateway (SGW) 206, and packet data network gateway (PGW)208.

Still referring to FIG. 2A, it is noted that the SGW 206 and the PGW 208support receiving uplink and downlink data volumes reported per bearerfor the secondary NR RAT. Further, the SGW 206 and PGW 208 support“change notification request/acknowledgement” on S11 and S5. Inoperation, the RAN reports the Secondary RAT usage data (such as to themobility management entity (MME)) and the mobility management entity 204will send the volume reports that are received from the eNodeB 202 tothe SGW 206 in a “Change Notification Request” (see arrow “1” in FIG.2A). The SGW 206 processes the received “Change Notification Request”and forwards this information in another “Change Notification Request”(see arrow “2” in FIG. 2A) to PGW 208 if the SGW 206 receives theSecondary RAT Usage Data Report with the IRPGW flag set to “1” from themobility management entity 204 (of note, the SGW 206 and the PGW 208support receiving and processing NR data volume information from themobility management entity during X2 handover, S1 handover, S1 Release,E-RAB modification, bearer and session deactivation). See, also, thechange notification acknowledgements (of receipt) at arrows “3” and“4”). In addition, the SGW 206 and the PGW 208 generate CDRs includingSecondary RAT Usage Report.

Referring now to an example of one embodiment, a correlation between thestandard 3GPP data usage reported in the PGW CDR and the Secondary RATusage reports is used to identify the Service ID of the NR usage inpost-processing. This correlation can be done based on timestamps in theCDR containers for the individual usage containers/entries. Below is onespecific example (according to an embodiment) showing a portion of a PGWCDR from a test (the order of entries in thelistOfRANSecondaryRATUsageReports (see the left-hand column, number02238597, which is shown in bold below) is organized in the CDR tocoincide with the order of entries in the listOfServiceData entries (seethe left-hand column, number 02237017, which is shown in bold below).The corresponding entries are shown below from both lists in connectionwith a common timestamp of “10:30:27” (see the left-hand column, numbers02237266, 02238691, which are shown in bold below). Note that certainvalues in the below example have been replaced with “----” markings.

Record #7009

02236826: bf 4f 82 09 12 pGWRecord (2322 bytes):02236831: 80 01 55 |--recordType (1 byte)=85 (PGWRecord)02236834: ---- >|--servedIMSI (8 bytes)=----02236844: a4 06 |--p-GWAddress (6 bytes):02236846: ---- |--|--iPBinV4Address (4 bytes)=----02236852: 85 03 0e 00 0d |--chargingID (3 bytes)=91751702236857: a6 06 |--servingNodeAddress (6 bytes):02236859: ---- |--|--iPBinV4Address (4 bytes)=----02236865: ---- >|--accessPointNameNI (20 bytes)=“----”02236887: 88 02 f1 8d |--pdpPDNType (2 bytes)=f18d02236891: a9 14 |--servedPDPAddress (20 bytes):02236893: a0 12 |--|--iPAddress (18 bytes):02236895: ---- >|--|--|--iPBinV6Address (16 bytes)=----02236913: 8b 01 ff |--dynamicAddressFlag (1 byte)=−102236916: 8d 09 19 09 18 10 >|--recordOpeningTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:27:24-07:0002236927: 8e 02 03 d9 |--duration (2 bytes)=98502236931: 8f 01 13 |--causeForRecClosing (1 byte)=19 (maxChangeCond)02236934: 91 01 02 |--recordSequenceNumber (1 byte)=202236937: ---- >|--nodeID (17 bytes)=“----”02236956: 94 01 29 |--localSequenceNumber (1 byte)=4102236959: 95 01 00 |--apnSelectionMode (1 byte)=0(mSorNetworkProvidedSubscriptionVerified)02236962: ---- >|--servedMSISDN (7 bytes)=----02236971: 97 02 00 00 |--chargingCharacteristics (2 bytes)=000002236975: 98 01 03 |--chChSelectionMode (1 byte)=3 (homeDefault)02236978: ---- |--servingNodePLMNIdentifier (3 bytes)=----02236983: ---- >|--servedIMEISV (8 bytes)=----02236993: 9e 01 06 |--rATType (1 byte)=6 (6=EUTRAN)02236996: 9f if 02 8a 01 |--mSTimeZone (2 bytes)=8a0102237001: ---- >|--userLocationInformation (13 bytes)=---- (uliLac=,uliCellId=----, uliTac=----, uliEcgi=----)02237017: bf 22 82 06 21 |--listOfServiceData (1569 bytes):02237022: 30 64 |--|--SEQUENCE (100 bytes):02237024: 81 04 01 60 00 80 |--|--|--ratingGroup (4 bytes)=2306880002237030: ---- |--|--|--chargingRuleBaseName (3 bytes)=“----”02237035: 84 01 15 |--|--|--localSequenceNumber (1 byte)=2102237038: 85 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfFirstUsage (9bytes)=19/09/18 10:27:41-07:0002237049: 86 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfLastUsage (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:27:41-07:0002237060: 87 01 00 |--|--|--timeUsage (1 byte)=002237063: 88 05 00 00 00 00 >|--|--|--serviceConditionChange (5bytes)=0000.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 1000.000002237070: 89 16 70 08 00 00 >|--|--|--qoSInformationNeg (22bytes)=7008000000000000000000000000000000000000000002237094: aa 06 |--|--|--sgsn-Address (6 bytes):02237096: ---- |--|--|--|--iPBinV4Address (4 bytes)=----02237102: 8c 02 00 b3 |--|--|--datavolumeFBCUplink (2 bytes)=17902237106: 8d 02 00 b1 |--|--|--datavolumeFBCDownlink (2 bytes)=17702237110: 8e 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfReport (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:27:52-07:0002237121: 91 01 01 |--|--|--serviceIdentifier (1 byte)=102237124: 30 4c |--|--SEQUENCE (76 bytes):02237126: 81 04 01 60 00 80 |--|--|--ratingGroup (4 bytes)=2306880002237132: ---- |--|--|--chargingRuleBaseName (3 bytes)=“----”02237137: 84 01 16 |--|--|--localSequenceNumber (1 byte)=2202237140: 85 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfFirstUsage (9bytes)=19/09/18 10:28:29-07:0002237151: 86 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfLastUsage (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:28:31-07:0002237162: 87 01 02 |--|--|--timeUsage (1 byte)=202237165: 88 05 00 00 00 00 >|--|--|--serviceConditionChange (5bytes)=0000.0000 0000.00000000.0000 0000.0000 1000.000002237172: aa 06 |--|--|--sgsn-Address (6 bytes):02237174: ---- |--|--|--|--iPBinV4Address (4 bytes)=----02237180: 8c 02 03 98 |--|--|--datavolumeFBCUplink (2 bytes)=92002237184: 8d 02 03 dc |--|--|--datavolumeFBCDownlink (2 bytes)=98802237188: 8e 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfReport (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:28:41-07:0002237199: 91 01 01 |--|--|--serviceIdentifier (1 byte)=102237202: 30 4c |--|--SEQUENCE (76 bytes):02237204: 81 04 01 60 00 80 |--|--|--ratingGroup (4 bytes)=2306880002237210: ---- |--|--|--chargingRuleBaseName (3 bytes)=“----”02237215: 84 01 17 |--|--|--localSequenceNumber (1 byte)=2302237218: 85 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfFirstUsage (9bytes)=19/09/18 10:29:07-07:0002237229: 86 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfLastUsage (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:17-07:0002237240: 87 01 46 |--|--|--timeUsage (1 byte)=7002237243: 88 05 00 00 00 00 >|--|--|--serviceConditionChange (5bytes)=0000.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 1000.000002237250: aa 06 |--|--|--sgsn-Address (6 bytes):02237252: ---- |--|--|--|--iPBinV4Address (4 bytes)=----02237258: 8c 02 15 b4 |--|--|--datavolumeFBCUplink (2 bytes)=555602237262: 8d 02 16 fa |--|--|--datavolumeFBCDownlink (2 bytes)=588202237266: 8e 09 19 09 18 10 >--|--|--timeOfReport (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:27-07:0002237277: 91 01 01 |--|--|--serviceIdentifier (1 byte)=102237280: 30 4c |--|--SEQUENCE (76 bytes):02237282: 81 04 01 60 00 80 |--|--|--ratingGroup (4 bytes)=2306880002237288: ---- |--|--|--chargingRuleBaseName (3 bytes)=“----”02237293: 84 01 18 |--|--|--localSequenceNumber (1 byte)=2402237296: 85 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfFirstUsage (9bytes)=19/09/18 10:30:37-07:0002237307: 86 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfLastUsage (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:37-07:0002237318: 87 01 00 |--|--|--timeUsage (1 byte)=002237321: 88 05 00 00 00 00 >|--|--|--serviceConditionChange (5bytes)=0000.0000 0000.00000000.0000 0000.0000 1000.000002237328: aa 06 |--|--|--sgsn-Address (6 bytes):02237330: ---- |--|--|--|--iPBinV4Address (4 bytes)=----02237336: 8c 02 05 ce |--|--|--datavolumeFBCUplink (2 bytes)=148602237340: 8d 02 03 94 |--|--|--datavolumeFBCDownlink (2 bytes)=91602237344: 8e 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfReport (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:48-07:0002237355: 91 01 01 |--|--|--serviceIdentifier (1 byte)=1...02238597: bf 49 82 02 27 |--listOfRANSecondaryRATUsageReports (551bytes):02238602: 30 if |--|--SEQUENCE (31 bytes):02238604: 81 01 00 |--|--|--dataVolumeUplink (1 byte)=002238607: 82 01 00 |--|--|--dataVolumeDownlink (1 byte)=002238610: 83 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--rANStartTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:27:41-07:0002238621: 84 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--rANEndTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:27:52-07:0002238632: 85 01 01 |--|--|--secondaryRATType (1 byte)=102238635: 30 21 |--|--SEQUENCE (33 bytes):02238637: 81 02 02 a4 |--|--|--dataVolumeUplink (2 bytes)=67602238641: 82 02 02 d8 |--|--|--dataVolumeDownlink (2 bytes)=72802238645: 83 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--rANStartTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:28:27-07:0002238656: 84 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--rANEndTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:28:41-07:0002238667: 85 01 01 |--|--|--secondaryRATType (1 byte)=102238670: 30 21 |--|--SEQUENCE (33 bytes):02238672: 81 02 14 34 |--|--|--dataVolumeUplink (2 bytes)=517202238676: 82 02 15 54 1--|--|--dataVolumeDownlink (2 bytes)=546002238680: 83 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--rANStartTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:29:09-07:0002238691: 84 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--rANEndTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:27-07:0002238702: 85 01 01 |--|--|--secondaryRATType (1 byte)=102238705: 30 21 |--|--SEQUENCE (33 bytes):02238707: 81 02 00 90 |--|--|--dataVolumeUplink (2 bytes)=14402238711: 82 02 03 04 1--|--|--dataVolumeDownlink (2 bytes)=77202238715: 83 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--rANStartTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:37-07:0002238726: 84 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--rANEndTime (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:48-07:0002238737: 85 01 01 |--|--|--secondaryRATType (1 byte)=1...

As described above, by correlating the two entries based on thetimeOfReport and rANEndTime values, it is possible to deduce the ServiceID of the Secondary RAT usage on the PGW CDR.

Provided below in Table 1, for reference, are certain details offormatting for the “List of RAN Secondary RAT Usage Reports”.

TABLE 1 List of RAN Secondary RAT Usage Reports Description This listapplies to SGW and PGW CDRs, and includes one or more containersreported from the RAN for a secondary RAT Applies to 5G NSA. ASN.1 Codebf40 (SGW) CSV bf49 (PGW) Length N/A Variable Format Data Volume UplinkSequence: Data Volume Downlink Data Volume Uplink RAN Start Time DataVolume Downlink RAN End Time RAN Start Time Secondary RAT Type RAN EndTime See TS 3GPP 32.298 Version Secondary RAT Type 15.2.0 for encodingdetails Example ‘250,100,1526580685,1526580745,1’bf498187301f81011482011e83091805171406452d040084091805171407452d0400850101

Referring now to an example of another embodiment, this comprises havingthe PGW insert additional fields in the basic service data indicatingthe uplink and downlink data usage on NR. This information would beinserted within the same container as overall data usage where theService ID is currently included. It should be noted that thisembodiment will change the format of all such modified PGW CDRs,including those where no NR data usage exists. As a result of that,billing systems and other back-office systems that receive the modifiedPGW CDRs will likely need to be updated in order to recognize the newfields in conjunction with introducing them in the PGW CDRs. Below is anexample of this modified CDR embodiment, wherein this example includesthe same NR usage (as the previous example) in the basic service data(see the two “New field” notations, which are shown in bold below). Notethat certain values in the below example have been replaced with “----”markings.

02237202: 30 4c |--|--SEQUENCE (76 bytes):02237204: 81 04 01 60 00 80 |--|--|--ratingGroup (4 bytes)=2306880002237210: ---- |--|--|--chargingRuleBaseName (3 bytes)=“----”02237215: 84 01 17 --|--|--localSequenceNumber (1 byte)=2302237218: 85 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfFirstUsage (9bytes)=19/09/18 10:29:07-07:0002237229: 86 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfLastUsage (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:17-07:0002237240: 87 01 46 |--|--|--timeUsage (1 byte)=7002237243: 88 05 00 00 00 00 >|--|--|--serviceConditionChange (5bytes)=0000.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 1000.000002237250: aa 06 |--|--|--sgsn-Address (6 bytes):02237252: ---- |--|--|--|--iPBinV4Address (4 bytes)=----02237258: 8c 02 15 b4 |--|--|--datavolumeFBCUplink (2 bytes)=555602237262: 8d 02 16 fa |--|--|--datavolumeFBCDownlink (2 bytes)=5882New field |--|--|--NRdataVolumeUplink (2 bytes)=5172New field |--|--|--NRdataVolumeDownlink (2 bytes)=546002237266: 8e 09 19 09 18 10 >|--|--|--timeOfReport (9 bytes)=19/09/1810:30:27-07:0002237277: 91 01 01 |--|--|--serviceIdentifier (1 byte)=1

While the above example shows each of the two new fields being twobytes, the size of each of the new fields could be any desiredappropriate number of byte(s).

Referring now to FIG. 2B, various steps of a method 2100 according to anembodiment are shown. As seen in this FIG. 2B, step 2102 comprisesobtaining a message associated with a 5th Generation (5G) wirelessservice, the message containing: a first section including a servicetype identifier entry and a first timestamp that corresponds to theservice type identifier entry; and a second section including asecondary radio access technology (RAT) entry, one or more data volumeentries, and a second timestamp that corresponds to the secondary RATentry and to the one or more data volume entries. Next, step 2104comprises matching the first timestamp and the second timestamp basedupon a first value of the first timestamp equaling a second value of thesecond timestamp. Next, step 2106 comprises responsive to the matchingof the first timestamp and the second timestamp, associating the servicetype identifier entry of the first section with the one or more datavolume entries of the second section.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respectiveprocesses are shown and described as a series of blocks in FIG. 2B, itis to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter isnot limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur indifferent orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what isdepicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks maybe required to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 2C, various steps of a method 2200 according to anembodiment are shown. As seen in this FIG. 2C, step 2202 comprisesobtaining a charging data report (CDR) associated with a 5th Generation(5G) wireless service. Next, step 2204 comprises determining, from theCDR, a value of a first timestamp that corresponds to a service typeidentifier entry that is in a first portion of the CDR. Next, step 2206comprises identifying, from the CDR, data volume information that is ina second portion of the CDR and that corresponds to a second timestamphaving a second value that matches the first value of the firsttimestamp. Next, step 2208 comprises associating, based upon the secondtimestamp having the second value that matches the first value of thefirst timestamp, the service type identifier entry of the first portionof the CDR with the data volume information of the second portion of theCDR.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respectiveprocesses are shown and described as a series of blocks in FIG. 2C, itis to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter isnot limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur indifferent orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what isdepicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks maybe required to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 2D, various steps of a method 2300 according to anembodiment are shown. As seen in this FIG. 2D, step 2302 comprisesobtaining, by a processing system including a processor, firstinformation indicative of an uplink data volume associated with a 5thGeneration (5G) wireless service. Next, step 2304 comprises obtaining,by the processing system, second information indicative of a downlinkdata volume associated with the 5G wireless service. Next, step 2306comprises generating, by the processing system, a charging data record(CDR), the generating comprising: inserting into a list of service datasection of the CDR a first entry, the first entry being the firstinformation indicative of the uplink data volume associated with the 5Gwireless service; and inserting into the list of service data section ofthe CDR a second entry, the second entry being the second informationindicative of the downlink data volume associated with the 5G wirelessservice.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respectiveprocesses are shown and described as a series of blocks in FIG. 2D, itis to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter isnot limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur indifferent orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what isdepicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks maybe required to implement the methods described herein.

In various embodiments, one value of one timestamp (e.g., a firsttimestamp) equaling another value of another timestamp (e.g., a secondtimestamp) can mean the one value of the one timestamp being the same asthe another value of the another timestamp.

In various embodiments, one value of one timestamp (e.g., a firsttimestamp) equaling another value of another timestamp (e.g., a secondtimestamp) can mean the one value of the one timestamp and the anothervalue of the another timestamp being within a threshold differential ofeach other. For example, being within a certain time span of eachanother (such as being within one second of each other).

In various embodiments, having one value of one timestamp (e.g., a firsttimestamp) that matches another value of another timestamp (e.g., asecond timestamp) can mean the one value of the one timestamp being thesame as the another value of the another timestamp.

In various embodiments, having one value of one timestamp (e.g., a firsttimestamp) that matches another value of another timestamp (e.g., asecond timestamp) can mean the one value of the one timestamp and theanother value of the another timestamp being within a thresholddifferential of each other. For example, being within a certain timespan of each another (such as being within one second of each other).

As described herein, various embodiments provide for billing (e.g.,retail billing to wireless subscribers) in the context of 5G Option 3XRoaming.

As described herein, various embodiments provide for assigning a billingService ID to data usage on a New Radio (NR) radio access network in a5G Option 3X network.

As described herein, various embodiments facilitate secondary RAT usagedata reporting in 5G Option 3X implementations.

As described herein, various embodiments can be implemented in thecontext of one or more different SGW and/or PGW vendors.

As described herein, each of SGW and PGW support secondary RAT datavolume reporting per 3GPP 23.401.

As described herein, various embodiments can utilize NR data asSecondary RAT usage data for retail billing.

As described herein, various embodiments can apply service ID's toinform billing systems what type of data a respective mobile device isusing so that the data usage can be differentiated.

As described herein, various embodiments can identify data which shouldbe zero-rated versus billable usage to a respective subscriber.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication networkin accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular avirtualized communication network is presented that can be used toimplement some or all of the subsystems and functions of communicationnetwork 100, some or all of the subsystems and functions of network flow200 and/or some or all of the functions of methods 2100, 2200 and/or2300 presented in FIGS. 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D. For example, virtualizedcommunication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in part messageprocessing (e.g., CDR processing), message post-processing (e.g., CDRpost-processing), message creation (e.g., CDR creation) and/or billingthat is related to wireless frequency usage.

In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leveragescloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via atransport layer 350, a virtualized network function cloud 325 and/or oneor more cloud computing environments 375. In various embodiments, thiscloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leveragesapplication programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity fromservices and operations; supports more nimble business models; andrapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirementsincluding traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity ofperformance and reliability expectations.

In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typicallyintegrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communicationnetwork employs virtual network elements (VNEs) 330, 332, 334, etc. thatperform some or all of the functions of network elements 150, 152, 154,156, etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrateof networking capability, often called Network Function VirtualizationInfrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of beingdirected with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocolsto perform a broad variety of network functions and services. Thisinfrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typicaltype of substrate being servers that support Network FunctionVirtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities basedon generic computing resources, with specialized network technologiesbrought to bear when general purpose processors or general purposeintegrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein asmerchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communicationservices can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads.

As an example, a traditional network element 150 (shown in FIG. 1), suchas an edge router can be implemented via a VNE 330 composed of NFVsoftware modules, merchant silicon, and associated controllers. Thesoftware can be written so that increasing workload consumes incrementalresources from a common resource pool, and moreover so that it'selastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. In a similarfashion, other network elements such as other routers, switches, edgecaches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the common resource pool.Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planningand growing infrastructure easier to manage.

In an embodiment, the transport layer 350 includes fiber, cable, wiredand/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces toprovide broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130,media access 140 and/or access to content sources 175 for distributionof content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, insome cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place,and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times,the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannotbe abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code andanalog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementationas VNEs 330, 332 or 334. These network elements can be included intransport layer 350.

The virtualized network function cloud 325 interfaces with the transportlayer 350 to provide the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide specificNFVs. In particular, the virtualized network function cloud 325leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures to supportnetworking workloads. The virtualized network elements 330, 332 and 334can employ network function software that provides either a one-for-onemapping of traditional network element function or alternately somecombination of network functions designed for cloud computing. Forexample, VNEs 330, 332 and 334 can include route reflectors, domain namesystem (DNS) servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)servers, system architecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility managemententity (MME) gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers forIP-VPN, Ethernet and other services, load balancers, distributers andother network elements. Because these elements don't typically need toforward large amounts of traffic, their workload can be distributedacross a number of servers—each of which adds a portion of thecapability, and overall which creates an elastic function with higheravailability than its former monolithic version. These virtual networkelements 330, 332, 334, etc. can be instantiated and managed using anorchestration approach similar to those used in cloud compute services.

The cloud computing environments 375 can interface with the virtualizednetwork function cloud 325 via APIs that expose functional capabilitiesof the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide the flexible and expandedcapabilities to the virtualized network function cloud 325. Inparticular, network workloads may have applications distributed acrossthe virtualized network function cloud 325 and cloud computingenvironment 375 and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrateworkloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these thirdparty locations.

Turning now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein. In order to provide additional context for various embodimentsof the embodiments described herein, FIG. 4 and the following discussionare intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitablecomputing environment 400 in which the various embodiments of thesubject disclosure can be implemented. In particular, computingenvironment 400 can be used in the implementation of network elements150, 152, 154, 156, access terminal 112, base station or access point122, switching device 132, media terminal 142, and/or VNEs 330, 332,334, etc. Each of these devices can be implemented viacomputer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers,and/or in combination with other program modules and/or as a combinationof hardware and software. For example, computing environment 400 canfacilitate in whole or in part message processing (e.g., CDRprocessing), message post-processing (e.g., CDR post-processing),message creation (e.g., CDR creation) and/or billing that is related towireless frequency usage.

Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors aswell as other application specific circuits such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine,programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals ordata and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. Itshould be noted that while any functions and features described hereinin association with the operation of a processor could likewise beperformed by a processing circuit.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which cancomprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media,which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured dataor unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devicesor other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to storedesired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or“non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any informationdelivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signalsrefers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set orchanged in such a manner as to encode information in one or moresignals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication mediacomprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wiredconnection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and otherwireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 4, the example environment can comprise acomputer 402, the computer 402 comprising a processing unit 404, asystem memory 406 and a system bus 408. The system bus 408 couplessystem components including, but not limited to, the system memory 406to the processing unit 404. The processing unit 404 can be any ofvarious commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors andother multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit 404.

The system bus 408 can be any of several types of bus structure that canfurther interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 406comprises ROM 410 and RAM 412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can bestored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines thathelp to transfer information between elements within the computer 402,such as during startup. The RAM 412 can also comprise a high-speed RAMsuch as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 414(e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal HDD 414 can also be configured forexternal use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy diskdrive (FDD) 416, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette418) and an optical disk drive 420, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 422 or,to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as theDVD). The HDD 414, magnetic FDD 416 and optical disk drive 420 can beconnected to the system bus 408 by a hard disk drive interface 424, amagnetic disk drive interface 426 and an optical drive interface 428,respectively. The hard disk drive interface 424 for external driveimplementations comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus(USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies arewithin contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 402, the drives and storagemedia accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refersto a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and aremovable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that other types of storage media which arereadable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flashmemory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the exampleoperating environment, and further, that any such storage media cancontain computer-executable instructions for performing the methodsdescribed herein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 412,comprising an operating system 430, one or more application programs432, other program modules 434 and program data 436. All or portions ofthe operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 412. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 402 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 438 and apointing device, such as a mouse 440. Other input devices (not shown)can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick,a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and otherinput devices are often connected to the processing unit 404 through aninput device interface 442 that can be coupled to the system bus 408,but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, anIEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port,an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 444 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 408 via an interface, such as a video adapter 446. Itwill also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a monitor 444can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display,a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving displayinformation associated with computer 402 via any communication means,including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to themonitor 444, a computer typically comprises other peripheral outputdevices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 402 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 448. The remotecomputer(s) 448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallycomprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storagedevice 450 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprisewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 452 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 454. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 402 can beconnected to the LAN 452 through a wired and/or wireless communicationnetwork interface or adapter 456. The adapter 456 can facilitate wiredor wireless communication to the LAN 452, which can also comprise awireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 402 can comprisea modem 458 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN454 or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 454,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 458, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 408 via the input device interface 442. In a networked environment,program modules depicted relative to the computer 402 or portionsthereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 450. It willbe appreciated that the network connections shown are example and othermeans of establishing a communications link between the computers can beused.

The computer 402 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bedin a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is awireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enablessuch devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out;anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radiotechnologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to providesecure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can beused to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wirednetworks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operatein the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

Turning now to FIG. 5, an embodiment 500 of a mobile network platform510 is shown that is an example of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156,and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. For example, platform 510 can facilitatein whole or in part message processing (e.g., CDR processing), messagepost-processing (e.g., CDR post-processing), message creation (e.g., CDRcreation) and/or billing that is related to wireless frequency usage. Inone or more embodiments, the mobile network platform 510 can generateand receive signals transmitted and received by base stations or accesspoints such as base station or access point 122. Generally, mobilenetwork platform 510 can comprise components, e.g., nodes, gateways,interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, that facilitate bothpacket-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP), frame relay,asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS) traffic(e.g., voice and data), as well as control generation for networkedwireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, mobile networkplatform 510 can be included in telecommunications carrier networks, andcan be considered carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein.Mobile network platform 510 comprises CS gateway node(s) 512 which caninterface CS traffic received from legacy networks like telephonynetwork(s) 540 (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), orpublic land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7 (SS7)network 560. CS gateway node(s) 512 can authorize and authenticatetraffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CSgateway node(s) 512 can access mobility, or roaming, data generatedthrough SS7 network 560; for instance, mobility data stored in a visitedlocation register (VLR), which can reside in memory 530. Moreover, CSgateway node(s) 512 interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PSgateway node(s) 518. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gatewaynode(s) 512 can be realized at least in part in gateway GPRS supportnode(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that functionality and specificoperation of CS gateway node(s) 512, PS gateway node(s) 518, and servingnode(s) 516, is provided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilizedby mobile network platform 510 for telecommunication over a radio accessnetwork 520 with other devices, such as a radiotelephone 575.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic andsignaling, PS gateway node(s) 518 can authorize and authenticatePS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions cancomprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to themobile network platform 510, like wide area network(s) (WANs) 550,enterprise network(s) 570, and service network(s) 580, which can beembodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced withmobile network platform 510 through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to benoted that WANs 550 and enterprise network(s) 570 can embody, at leastin part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Basedon radio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) orradio access network 520, PS gateway node(s) 518 can generate packetdata protocol contexts when a data session is established; other datastructures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can begenerated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s) 518 cancomprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetizedcommunication with disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Finetworks.

In embodiment 500, mobile network platform 510 also comprises servingnode(s) 516 that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) withintechnology resource(s) in the radio access network 520, convey thevarious packetized flows of data streams received through PS gatewaynode(s) 518. It is to be noted that for technology resource(s) that relyprimarily on CS communication, server node(s) can deliver trafficwithout reliance on PS gateway node(s) 518; for example, server node(s)can embody at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, ina 3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s) 516 can be embodied in serving GPRSsupport node(s) (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s)514 in mobile network platform 510 can execute numerous applicationsthat can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows,and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Suchapplication(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (forexample, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided bymobile network platform 510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that arepart of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gatewaynode(s) 518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a datasession, and to serving node(s) 516 for communication thereafter. Inaddition to application server, server(s) 514 can comprise utilityserver(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, anoperations and maintenance server, a security server that can implementat least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as othersecurity mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s)secure communication served through mobile network platform 510 toensure network's operation and data integrity in addition toauthorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s) 512and PS gateway node(s) 518 can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s)can provision services from external network(s) like networks operatedby a disparate service provider; for instance, WAN 550 or GlobalPositioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s)can also provision coverage through networks associated to mobilenetwork platform 510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same serviceprovider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown in FIG. 1(s)that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more networkcoverage.

It is to be noted that server(s) 514 can comprise one or more processorsconfigured to confer at least in part the functionality of mobilenetwork platform 510. To that end, the one or more processor can executecode instructions stored in memory 530, for example. It is should beappreciated that server(s) 514 can comprise a content manager, whichoperates in substantially the same manner as described hereinbefore.

In example embodiment 500, memory 530 can store information related tooperation of mobile network platform 510. Other operational informationcan comprise provisioning information of mobile devices served throughmobile network platform 510, subscriber databases; applicationintelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates, flat-rateprograms, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s) consistentwith telecommunication protocols for operation of disparate radio, orwireless, technology layers; and so forth. Memory 530 can also storeinformation from at least one of telephony network(s) 540, WAN 550, SS7network 560, or enterprise network(s) 570. In an aspect, memory 530 canbe, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as aremotely connected memory store.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosedsubject matter, FIG. 5, and the following discussion, are intended toprovide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in whichthe various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented.While the subject matter has been described above in the general contextof computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on acomputer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination withother program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines,programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particulartasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustrative embodiment of a communicationdevice 600 is shown. The communication device 600 can serve as anillustrative embodiment of devices such as data terminals 114, mobiledevices 124, vehicle 126, display devices 144 or other client devicesfor communication via either communications network 125. For example,computing device 600 can facilitate in whole or in part messageprocessing (e.g., CDR processing), message post-processing (e.g., CDRpost-processing), message creation (e.g., CDR creation) and/or billingthat is related to wireless frequency usage.

The communication device 600 can comprise a wireline and/or wirelesstransceiver 602 (herein transceiver 602), a user interface (UI) 604, apower supply 614, a location receiver 616, a motion sensor 618, anorientation sensor 620, and a controller 606 for managing operationsthereof. The transceiver 602 can support short-range or long-rangewireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, orcellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth®and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special InterestGroup and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies caninclude, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO,WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communicationtechnologies as they arise. The transceiver 602 can also be adapted tosupport circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN),packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP,etc.), and combinations thereof.

The UI 604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad 608 witha navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or anavigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device600. The keypad 608 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of thecommunication device 600 or an independent device operably coupledthereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or awireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. The keypad 608 canrepresent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTYkeypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI 604 can further include a display610 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology forconveying images to an end user of the communication device 600. In anembodiment where the display 610 is touch-sensitive, a portion or all ofthe keypad 608 can be presented by way of the display 610 withnavigation features.

The display 610 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a userinterface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, thecommunication device 600 can be adapted to present a user interfacehaving graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by auser with a touch of a finger. The display 610 can be equipped withcapacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technology to detect howmuch surface area of a user's finger has been placed on a portion of thetouch screen display. This sensing information can be used to controlthe manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the userinterface. The display 610 can be an integral part of the housingassembly of the communication device 600 or an independent devicecommunicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (suchas a cable) or a wireless interface.

The UI 604 can also include an audio system 612 that utilizes audiotechnology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard inproximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphonefor hands free operation). The audio system 612 can further include amicrophone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audiosystem 612 can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI604 can further include an image sensor 613 such as a charged coupleddevice (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

The power supply 614 can utilize common power management technologiessuch as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulationtechnologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energyto the components of the communication device 600 to facilitatelong-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or incombination, the charging system can utilize external power sources suchas DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port orother suitable tethering technologies.

The location receiver 616 can utilize location technology such as aglobal positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS foridentifying a location of the communication device 600 based on signalsgenerated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used forfacilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor 618can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, agyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motionof the communication device 600 in three-dimensional space. Theorientation sensor 620 can utilize orientation sensing technology suchas a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations indegrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

The communication device 600 can use the transceiver 602 to alsodetermine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth©, or other wirelessaccess points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time offlight (TOF) measurements. The controller 606 can utilize computingtechnologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP),programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits,and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash,ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executingcomputer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by theaforementioned components of the communication device 600.

Other components not shown in FIG. 6 can be used in one or moreembodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communicationdevice 600 can include a slot for adding or removing an identity modulesuch as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal IntegratedCircuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifyingsubscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and soon.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in theclaims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only anddoesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “afirst determination,” “a second determination,” and “a thirddetermination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determinationis to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “datastore,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile andnonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatilememory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further,nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory cancomprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cachememory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available inmany forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhancedSDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methodsherein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising,these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can bepracticed with other computer system configurations, comprisingsingle-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computingdevices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-heldcomputing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tabletcomputers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. Theillustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computingenvironments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices thatare linked through a communications network; however, some if not allaspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alonecomputers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules canbe located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of services can begenerated including services being accessed, media consumption history,user preferences, and so forth. This information can be obtained byvarious methods including user input, detecting types of communications(e.g., video content vs. audio content), analysis of content streams,sampling, and so forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring ofthis information can be responsive to an authorization provided by theuser. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be subject toauthorization from user(s) associated with the data, such as an opt-in,an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements, notifications, selectiveauthorization based on types of data, and so forth.

Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificialintelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more featuresdescribed herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection withautomatically performing message processing (e.g., CDR processing),automatically performing message post-processing (e.g., CDRpost-processing), automatically performing message creation (e.g., CDRcreation) and/or automatically performing billing that is related towireless frequency usage) can employ various AI-based schemes forcarrying out various embodiments thereof. Moreover, the classifier canbe employed to determine a ranking or priority of each message (e.g.,CDR) and/or of each frequency (or frequency range). A classifier is afunction that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . ,xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is,f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilisticand/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysisutilities and costs) to determine or infer an action that a user desiresto be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is anexample of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates byfinding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which thehypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from thenon-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classificationcorrect for testing data that is near, but not identical to trainingdata. Other directed and undirected model classification approachescomprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neuralnetworks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification modelsproviding different patterns of independence can be employed.Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statisticalregression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments canemploy classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generictraining data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UEbehavior, operator preferences, historical information, receivingextrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via alearning or training phase within a classifier constructor and featureselection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automaticallylearn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited todetermining according to predetermined criteria which of the one or moremessages (e.g., one or more CDRs) to operate on and/or which frequency(or frequencies, or range of frequencies) to operate on.

As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, theterms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, orcomprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. As an example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution,computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By wayof illustration and not limitation, both an application running on aserver and the server can be a component. One or more components mayreside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component maybe localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. In addition, these components can execute from variouscomputer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such asin accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., datafrom one component interacting with another component in a local system,distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet withother systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be anapparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical partsoperated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by asoftware or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes atleast a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality ofthe electronic components. While various components have beenillustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiplecomponents can be implemented as a single component, or a singlecomponent can be implemented as multiple components, without departingfrom example embodiments.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communicationsmedia. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but arenot limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digitalversatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g.,card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art willrecognize many modifications can be made to this configuration withoutdeparting from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to meanserving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or designdescribed herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended topresent concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, theterm “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,”subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobiledevice” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to awireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wirelesscommunication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video,sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. Theforegoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with referenceto the related drawings.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” andthe like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless contextwarrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should beappreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automatedcomponents supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacityto make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms),which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially anycomputing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited tocomprising, single-core processors; single-processors with softwaremultithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-coreprocessors with software multithread execution capability; multi-coreprocessors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; andparallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, aprocessor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), acomplex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploitnano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular andquantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimizespace usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor canalso be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,”and substantially any other information storage component relevant tooperation and functionality of a component, refer to “memorycomponents,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprisingthe memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components orcomputer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile andnonvolatile memory.

What has been described above includes mere examples of variousembodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe everyconceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes ofdescribing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art canrecognize that many further combinations and permutations of the presentembodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/orclaimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations,modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes”is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term isintended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as“comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in aclaim.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue”indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that thesteps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used inconjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates thebeginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by otheractivities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indicationreflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/ormay be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further,while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, otherorderings are likewise possible provided that the principles ofcausality are maintained.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupledto”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/orindirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Suchitems and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions,communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functionalblocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signalconveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one ormore intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format ofinformation in a signal, while one or more elements of the informationin the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can berecognized by the second item. In a further example of indirectcoupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the seconditem, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more interveningitems.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves thesame or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments describedor shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intendedto cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure.For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can becombined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. Inone or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can alsobe negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or withoutreplacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The stepsor functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subjectdisclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functionsdescribed with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure canbe performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions ofthe subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from othersteps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further,more than or less than all of the features described with respect to anembodiment can also be utilized.

What is claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory machine-readable medium,comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processingsystem including a processor, facilitate performance of operations, theoperations comprising: obtaining a charging data report (CDR) associatedwith a 5th Generation (5G) wireless service; determining, from the CDR,a first value of a first timestamp that corresponds to a service typeidentifier entry that is in a first portion of the CDR; identifying,from the CDR, data volume information that is in a second portion of theCDR and that corresponds to a second timestamp having a second valuethat matches the first value of the first timestamp; and associating,based upon the second timestamp having the second value that matches thefirst value of the first timestamp, the service type identifier entry ofthe first portion of the CDR with the data volume information of thesecond portion of the CDR.
 2. The non-transitory machine-readable mediumof claim 1, wherein the CDR is obtained from a packet data networkgateway (PGW).
 3. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1,wherein the operations further comprise billing a subscriber to the 5Gwireless service based at least in part upon the service type identifierentry that is associated with the data volume information.
 4. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the datavolume information comprises a first data volume entry and a second datavolume entry.
 5. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 4,wherein the first data volume entry is indicative of an uplink datavolume.
 6. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 5,wherein the second data volume entry is indicative of a downlink datavolume.
 7. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 6,wherein each of the uplink data volume and the downlink data volume isassociated with a 5G communication.
 8. The non-transitorymachine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the CDR conforms to a 3GPPstandard.
 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8,wherein the first portion comprises a list of service data portion. 10.The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein thesecond portion comprises a list of RAN secondary RAT usage reportsportion.
 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1,wherein the service type identifier entry distinguishes between use of afirst type of the 5G wireless service and use of a second type of the 5Gwireless service.
 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium ofclaim 1, wherein the second value matching the first value comprises thefirst value being within a temporal threshold of the second value. 13.The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein thetemporal threshold is one second.
 14. A device comprising: a processingsystem including a processor; and a memory that stores executableinstructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitateperformance of operations, the operations comprising: receiving, from apacket data network gateway (PGW), a charging data report (CDR)associated with a 5th Generation (5G) wireless service; identifying,from the CDR, a first value of a first timestamp that corresponds to aservice type identifier entry that is in a first portion of the CDR;identifying, from the CDR, data volume information that is in a secondportion of the CDR and that corresponds to a second timestamp having asecond value that matches the first value of the first timestamp; andassociating, based upon the second timestamp having the second valuethat matches the first value of the first timestamp, the service typeidentifier entry of the first portion of the CDR with the data volumeinformation of the second portion of the CDR.
 15. The device of claim14, wherein the operations further comprise billing a subscriber to the5G wireless service based at least in part upon the service typeidentifier entry that is associated with the data volume information.16. The device of claim 14, wherein the data volume informationcomprises a first data volume entry and a second data volume entry,wherein the first data volume entry is indicative of an uplink datavolume, and wherein the second data volume entry is indicative of adownlink data volume.
 17. A method comprising: identifying, by aprocessing system including a processor, and from a charging data report(CDR), a first value of a first timestamp that corresponds to a servicetype identifier entry in a first portion of the CDR, wherein the CDR isassociated with a 5th Generation (5G) wireless service and conforms to a3GPP standard; identifying, by the processing system and from the CDR,data volume information that is in a second portion of the CDR and thatcorresponds to a second timestamp having a second value that matches thefirst value of the first timestamp; and associating, by the processingsystem and based upon the second timestamp having the second value thatmatches the first value of the first timestamp, the service typeidentifier entry of the first portion of the CDR with the data volumeinformation of the second portion of the CDR.
 18. The method of claim17, wherein the first portion comprises a list of service data portion.19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second portion comprises a listof RAN secondary RAT usage reports portion.
 20. The method of claim 19,wherein the service type identifier entry distinguishes between use of afirst type of the 5G wireless service and use of a second type of the 5Gwireless service.